Management of Toxic Substances and Hazardous Waste (B3)

Understanding B3
According to the PP. 18 of 1999, is a B3 waste is the residue of a business and or activities that contain hazardous or toxic and because of the nature and amount or concentration and or, directly or indirectly, can pollute and corrupt the environment or endanger life and or environment, health, human survival and other living things.
The point is that as the concentration of any material and or the nature or amount and containing B3 and harm human beings and the environment, regardless of the rest of the ingredients.
B3 waste management objectives
B3 management objective is to prevent and control pollution or environmental damage caused by waste B3 and the restoration of environmental quality that has been contaminated so according to function again.
From this it is clear that any activity / activities related to B3, both producing, collecting, transporting, utilizing, treating and landfilling B3, should pay attention to aspects of the environment and maintain the quality of the environment remains in its original state. And in the event of pollution caused by spilled, runoff and seepage B3 waste, efforts should be made so that optimal environmental quality back to the original function.
Identification B3
Identifying B3 classified into two (2) categories:
1. By source
2. Based on the characteristics
Class of B3 waste by source is divided into:
• B3 waste from specific sources;
• B3 waste from non-specific sources;
• B3 waste from expired chemicals, spills, former packaging and waste products that do not meet specifications.
While the class B3 waste is determined by the characteristics of:
• is explosive;
• oxidizing;
• very easy to burn;
• highly flammable;
• flammable;
• extremely toxic;
• highly toxic;
• toxic;
• dangerous;
• corrosive;
• irritation;
• berbahayabagi environment;
• carcinogenic;
• teratogenic;
• mutagenic.
Characteristics B3 is undergoing accretion more than PP. 18 of 1999 which only includes six (6) criteria:
• is explosive;
• flammable;
• reactive;
• toxic;
• cause infection;
• corrosive.
Improved characteristics of a material called B3 shows that the government is actually paying special attention to environmental management in Indonesia. Just really need to be a concern that the implementation of the Regulation is lacking in this country.
Waste management and B3
B3 waste management activities include the collection, transportation, use, processing and stockpiling.
Every B3 waste management activities must obtain permission from the Ministry of Environment (MoE) and every stage of the B3 waste management activities must be reported to the Ministry of Environment. For the B3 waste management activities in the region, in addition to management of activity reported to the Ministry of the Environment is also copied to the local Bapedalda.
B3 waste treatment refers to the Decree of the Head of Environmental Impact Management Agency (Bapedal) Number Kep-03/BAPEDAL/09/1995 dated 5 September 1995 on Technical Requirements for Hazardous Waste and Toxic
B3 waste must meet the following requirements:
• What processing
Processing can be done in the B3 waste generator site or off-site waste generators. Terms of processing locations in the producing area should:
1. flood-free areas;
2. with a minimum distance of 50 meters of public facilities;
Terms of processing locations outside of area producers must:
1. flood-free areas;
2. distance to the main road / highway minimum 150 m or 50 m for the other;
3. distance from the active region and the general activity of a minimum of 300 m;
4. distance from the well waters and a minimum of 300 m;
5. and distance to protected areas (such as: nature reserves, forest reserves) a minimum of 300 m.
• processing facilities
Processing facilities must implement operating systems, including:
1. facility security systems;
2. prevention system against fire;
3. prevention system against fire;
4. emergency response system;
5. system testing equipment;
6. and employee training.
The entire system must be integrated and become an integral part of the B3 waste considering the type of waste is the waste handled in a small volume of any major impact on the environment.
• B3 waste handling before processing
Each B3 waste must be identified and tested in the content analysis in order to determine the appropriate procedures in the processing of waste. After tests conducted content analysis, then determined the appropriate method of waste treatment in accordance with the characteristics and content of the waste.
• B3 waste treatment
Type B3 waste treatment depends of the characteristics and content of the waste. B3 waste treatment for the processing can be done with the following process:
1. chemical process, include: redox, electrolysis, neutralization, precipitation, stabilization, adsorption, ion exchange and pyrolysis.
2. physical processes, including: cleaning gas and liquid separation allowance components specific to the method of crystallization, dialysis, reverse osmosis, etc..
3. process stabilisas / solidification, in order to reduce potential toxicity and B3 content by limiting solubility, distribution, and toxicity of waste disposed before the end of the dump
4. incineration process, by means of burning waste material using a special incinerator with a combustion efficiency should reach 99.99% or more. That is, if a B3 waste material to burn (incineration) with a weight of 100 kg, the ash residue shall not exceed 0.01 kg or 10 g
Not the whole process should be done on one type B3, but the process chosen based on best way to do processing according to the type and material waste.
• The B3 waste treatment
It has a special place B3 waste disposal that has been processed and monitoring of landfills in the area for a period of 30 years after the landfill out of service or closed.
Keep in mind that the whole process of management, including generating B3 waste must report its activities to the Ministry of Environment with the quarterly periods (every 3 months).