Indonesian Government System

PKN-In the world of state administration, has made a rule that would set up a wide range of survival or the course of a country's government in improving the functioning of the country. It can be obtained by making the system of government. Khusussnya Indonesian government system. Thus an independent state should have a rule or system of government that will regulate the sustainability of a country's citizens in making prosperous members. From this can explain what it is that the purpose of the system and what is the mean by the government. The system has a meaning that is a whole consisting of several parts that have a functional relationship. While the Government in the broad sense is the government / state institutions are doing everything good government as the executive, the legislature and the judiciary.

Governance systems can be grouped into a few below:

      Presidential system of government

a system of government in which the head of government held by the president and the government is not accountable to parliament (legislative). Minister responsible to the president because the president serves as head of state and head of government.

Example Country: USA, Pakistan, Argentina, the Philippines, Indonesia.

The characteristics of the Presidential system of government:

1. Presidential Government is based on the principle of separation of powers.

2. The Executive does not have the power to blend with the Legislature.

3. The Cabinet is responsible to the president.

4. executive elected by popular vote.

      Parliamentary system of government

is a system of government in which the government (executive) is responsible to parliament. In this system of government, the parliament has a great power and has the authority to conduct oversight of the executive. Ministers and the prime minister is responsible to parliament.

Examples of countries: United Kingdom, the Netherlands, India, Australia, Malaysia.

The characteristics and conditions of the Parliamentary system of government:

1. Parliamentary Government is based on the principle of division of powers.

2. There is a mutual responsibility between the legislative and executive, and between the president and the cabinet.

3. Executives appointed by the government with legislative approval.

      Mixed government system

the system of government is taken the best things of the presidential system of government and the system of Parliamentary government. Besides having a president as head of state, the prime minister also has the head of government.

Example Country: France.

The implementation period of the State Government System in Indonesia

* Year 1945 - 1949

Any deviation from the provisions of the Constitution of '45, among others:

Changing the function of the central committee of the Indonesian national presidential aide assigned to the legislative body and helps to define who is the authority of the Assembly Guidelines.

Change the presidential system into a parliamentary cabinet cabinet proposal by BP - KNIP.

* Year 1949 - 1950

RIS is based on the constitution. Government that applied when it was a parliamentary cabinet system pseudo (Quasy Parlementary). Governance system adopted in the constitution of a parliamentary cabinet RIS is not purely because of the pure parliamentary system, Parliament has a crucial position against government power.

* Year 1950 - 1959

Foundation is the Constitution constitutional successor RIS '50 '49. Governance system adopted is a parliamentary cabinet with liberal democracy that is still apparent. Characteristics:

president and vice president can not be contested.

Minister responsible for government policy.

President the right to dissolve parliament.

Prime Minister appointed by the President.

* Years 1959 - 1966 (Guided Democracy)

The President has absolute power and maketh a tool to eliminate the powers that prevent that fate is determined by the president of the political party (10 recognized political parties). There is no freedom of speech.

* Year 1966 - 1998

Soeharto New Order was born with a determination to make corrections guided the era of the old order. But over time many deviations. Suharto's resignation on May 21, '98.

* In 1998 - Present (Reform)

Implementation of Pancasila democracy in the reform era has provided the space for the political parties and the Parliament to oversee the government critically and justified for a rally.

Government System in accordance with the Constitution before it was amended '45:

Ø The highest authority is given to the people of the MPR.

Ø Parliament as a legislator.

Ø The President as a government administrator.

Ø DPA as a giver of advice to the government.

Ø MA as the courts and the testing rules.

Ø CPC financial auditors.

Government System after amendment (1999 - 2002)

Ø MPR no longer the highest institution.

Ø Composition of the Assembly consists of all members of the House of Representatives plus the Council elected by the people.

Ø The President and Vice President are elected directly by the people.

Ø The President can not dissolve Parliament.

Ø Legislative power is dominant.

Indonesia SisPem Comparison with Other Countries SisPem

Based on the explanation of '45 Constitution, Indonesia adopts Presidensia. But in practice many elements of Parliamentary Government System. So we can say Indonesian Government System is a combination of Presidential and Parliamentary.

excess Indonesian Government System

Ø The President and ministers during his tenure can not be dropped Parliament.

Ø The government had time to run the program with no shadow cabinet crisis.

Ø The President can not enforce and or dissolve Parliament.

Indonesia Government System Weakness

Ø There is a tendency too strong authority and the concentration of power in the hands of the President.

Ø Often the change of officials for their rights perogatif president.

Ø Supervision of the people against the government less influential.

Ø The influence of people's political wisdom received less attention.

Differences Governance System Indonesia and Malaysia Government System

The Executive Board

a. The Executive Board is the Prime Minister of Malaysia as a driver of state government.

b. Executive Board President of Indonesia lies in having two positions as head of state and head of government.

Legislature

a. In Malaysia, there are 2 Main Board of the agency regulations that the State Council and the Council that perannyan make laws.

b. In Indonesia, in the hands of Parliament whose role is to make laws with the consent of the President.