Resignation

Resignation is the lean sincerity to Allah Ta'ala for the benefit and prevent harm, both related to the affairs of this world and the hereafter. Allaah says which means, "And whoever pious to Allah, He will make for him a way out and give rizqi of the direction he thought no-thought, and whoever sole trust in Allah, then He is sufficient for him." (Ath Tholaq : 2-3)
Meaning sole trust To God
Many of the scholars who have explained the meaning of resignation, including the Al Allamah Al Munawi. He said, "The resignation is to show weakness and reliance (self) to the diTawakkali." (Faidhul Qadir, 5/311). Ibn 'Abbas said that the resignation meaningful radhiyAllahu'anhuma trust completely to Allah Ta'ala. Imam Ahmad said, "The resignation means deciding searches with desperation against the creature." Al-Hasan Al-Basri was asked about the resignation, so he replied, "Ridho to Allaah", Rojab Ibn Al Hanbali said, "The resignation is the reliance heart the truth to Allah Ta'ala in obtaining kemashlahatan and avert danger, both this world and the hereafter affairs as a whole. "Al Hafiz Ibn Hajar Al Asqolani said," the resignation of looked away for various reasons after reasons prepared. "
Getting the Good and Avoid Damage
Ibn al-Qayyim said, "The resignation is the most important factor that can keep a person when no power from other creatures attack an oppressive and hostile. Resignation is the most powerful tool for dealing with such a situation, because he has made God a patron or a given adequacy. If anyone makes God as a protector and that gave him sufficient, then the enemy would not be able to bring harm to her. "(Al-Fawa'id Bada'i 2/268)
The best evidence is a real incident, Imam Al-Bukhari recorded in his book shohih, from Ibn Abbas rodhiyAllahu anhuma friend, that when the Prophet Abraham was thrown into the midst of fire he said, "wa HasbunAllahu ni'mal wakiil." ( Suffice God being our helper, and Allah is the best of protectors). These words precisely expressed by RosulullohShollAllahu 'alaihi wa sallam when it is said to him, Verily the polytheists had planned to fight you, so beware thou against them. "(Reported by Al-Bukhari in the chapter Tafsir. See Fathul Bari VIII/77)
Ibn Abbas said, "The last words spoken by the Prophet Abraham when he was thrown into the embers of the fire is: 'Allah suffices as our helper and protector of God as best.'" (Narrated by Bukhari)
Is The Key To God's sole trust Rizki
Rosululloh sallallaahu 'alaihi wa sallam said: "Indeed, if you sole trust in God with truth, surely you will be given a fortune as the birds. They left early in the morning in a state of hunger, and go home early evening in a state of satiety. "(Narrated by Ahmad, At-Tirmidhi, Ibn Majah, al-Hakim)
In this noble hadith Rosululloh explained that the sole trust in God with truth, he would have given a fortune. How not, because he has sole trust the Essence of the Almighty Living who never dies. Abu Hatim Ar Razy said, "This hadith is a milestone resignation. Resignation to God that's the biggest factor in finding riqzi. "Therefore, whoever sole trust in Him, surely Allaah be inadequate. Allah says which means, "And whoever sole trust in Allah, Allah will suffice (the need) it. Verily Allah implement affair (which pleases). Allah has appointed a measure for all things. "(Ath-THALAQ: 3). Ar Rabi 'bin Khutsaim said about the verse, "That insufficiency of everything that makes a narrow man."
Resignation not Mean Not Trying
Brought resignation does not mean negating the effort. Allah commands His servants to try once sole trust. Trying with all limbs and sole trust with your heart is a manifestation of faith in Allah Almighty.
Some people may have a saying, "If people are sole trust in God it will be good luck, so why should we tired, try and make a living. Did not we just sit down and laze around, then good luck we came out of the sky? "The words that really show people's ignorance about the nature of resignation. Our noble Prophet had likening the sole trust and good luck with the birds that went in the morning to seek fortune and came home in the afternoon, but the birds did not have any rest, good trade, farms, factories or job. He came out armed with resignation to God Almighty as a dependent.
The scholars, may Allah reward them with the best of both goodness-this issue has warned. Among them was Imam Ahmad, he said: "In this hadith there is no hint that allowed leave the business, instead in it was looking for cues that indicate the need for fortune. So the purpose of the Hadith, that if their sole trust in God in the travel, and the arrival of their business, and they know that good (good luck) is in His hand, it would never return except in circumstances to get the treasures safely, as these birds. "(Tuhfatul Ahwadzi, 7/8)
Imam Ahmad was asked about a man who just sits at home or in the mosque and said, "I do not want to work at all, until rizkiku come alone". Then he commented, "He is a man who does not know the science. It ShollAllahu Prophet 'alaihi wa sallam has said: "Verily Allah has made rizkiku in the shadow of my war spear (read: ghonimah)'. And he also said, 'If it were your sole trust in God with truth, Allah will give you good luck as it gives to the birds. They left early in the morning in a state of hunger and return late afternoon in a state of satiety. '(Hasan Saheeh. HR.Tirmidzi). Furthermore, Imam Ahmad said, "The friends also trades and work with managing its date trees. And they are the ones our example. "(Fathul Bari, 11/305-306)
If we want to contemplate then we can say that the influence of resignation it looks in motion and effort a person while working to achieve their goals. Imam Abul Qasim al-Qushayri said, "Know resignation was actually located in the heart. The outward motion so it does not conflict with the resignation is in the heart after a person believes that the fortune that comes from God. If there is trouble, it is because of his destiny. And if there is then it is easy because of the ease of Him. "(Murqatul Mafatih, 5/157)
Among the shows that resignation to God does not mean leaving the business is a hadith. Someone said to the Prophet ShollAllahu 'alaihi wa sallam, "I let my camel, and (then) I sole trust?" The Prophet said, "Tie then put thy trust in Allah." (Narrated by al-Tirmidhi and Al-Albani in Saheeh dihasankan Jami'ush Shoghir). In the history of Imam Al-Qudha'i stated that Amr bin Umayyad radi 'anhu said, "I asked,' O Rosululloh!! Do I tie the camel first and then I tungganganku sole trust in God, or do I just disconnect and I sole trust? ', He replied, "Tie your camel and then put thy trust in Allah." (Musnad ash-Shihab, Qayyidha wa resignation, no. 633, 1 / 368)
Resignation did not mean to leave the business. Every Muslim should be sincere and try to earn a living. It's just that he should not rely on fatigue, hard work and effort, but he had to believe that everything is God's business, and that fortune is only from Him alone.

People Inter religious Tolerance

We are often asked, what is tolerance and where it came from?. And what is the urgency of tolerance for the future of mankind?. These questions will at least make us understand about the importance of tolerance. Tolerance is not just the mere discourse.

According to the General Dictionary Indonesian, tolerance comes from the word "tolerance" itself means to be or to be tolerated (respect, allow, permit) and different or opposed to its founding. Tolerance also means measuring limit for the addition or subtraction are still allowed.

In Arabic, the tolerance called "Tasamuh" which means the attitude of allowing, gracefully (samuha-yasmuhu-Samhan, wasimaahan, wasamaahatan) means: generous, like charity (dictionary Al Munawir hal.702).

Religion is a fundamental element of life and human life, therefore, freedom of religion [and no religion, and religious conversion] must be respected and guaranteed. The expression freedom of religion gives a broad sense that includes building a house of worship and assembly, worship; established social institutions; publications, and contact with individuals and institutions in matters of religion at the national or international level.

Freedom of religion, makes a person able to eliminate discrimination based on religion; violation of the right to religion; coercion that would interfere with the freedom of a person to have a religion or belief. Included in the daily social interaction, which indicates mutual understanding, tolerance, friendship with everyone, peace and universal brotherhood, respect for freedom, trust and confidence of the other and full awareness that religion is given to serve his followers. Thus, tolerance (Tasamuh) religion is respect with patience, respect for one's faith or beliefs or any other group.

Including Islam. Islam teaches the importance of tolerance. Prophet Muhammad SAW. teach Islam as a religion of love and rejection of violence that can lead to conflict. The Prophet also protect religious minorities in implementing appropriate convictions. K.H. Abdurrahman Wahid (Gus Dur) has said that the Prophet Muhammad was once asked three Christian pastor who came from Najran (eastern province in Saudi Arabia) to worship according to their religion in mosques. Have also been told on one day there were people urinating in the Arabian hinterland mosque of the Prophet in Medina. Obviously the Companions angry and wanted to hit the guy. However, the Prophet Muhammad to prevent it, and then told the companions 'community service' flush and clean the urine of men do not know that courtesy. (Bukhari from Abu Hurairah). According to Ibn Hajar al-Asqalani, author of the book Fath al-Bari, history clearly shows tolerance and magnanimity Prophet attitude.

Another example of Islam's treatment of non-Muslims is the generosity shown by Salahuddin al-Ayyubi in the year 1188 AD when he managed to retake Jerusalem from the crusaders. When Salahuddin arrived he saw the Crusaders were littering mosques with pigs in it saving. Even European historians also recognize that Salahuddin was not revenge, but rather give forgiveness to the Crusaders, with the exception of a few individuals who are sadistic and cruel act.

Once again the difference or pluralism is the largest and most beautiful gift of God Almighty to us. Similarly, tolerance, "Toleration is the greatest gift of the mind, ... - Tolerance is a gift of the mind of the most remarkable," said Helen Keller. And understanding that is open to the Other that is known as tolerance. "Tolerance means I will not throw you out of my community, I will not stop interacting with you even if you are different, I will not forbid you to be my neighbor," as John E. Esposito described.

Importance of Inter-Religious Harmony

According to Prof. Dr. Gumilar Rusliwa Somantri (UI Rector of Jakarta), the mode of human relations on this earth there are only two: Conflict and Harmony. Conflicts driven by both individual and group egoism that leads to a reluctance to engage in dialogue. With the characteristic that egoism then this behavior will dwarf the humanity and make a static culture. Individuals or groups being mutually exclusive so can not see the human side of another individual or group. Others will simply labeled as "enemies" who must be aware of and if necessary destroyed. While harmony, instead, work with the reciprocal relationship between individuals or groups based on tolerance, confidence and self-esteem.

That way Peace will only happen when all sorts of conflict either Ideology, Political, Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (IPOLEKSOSBUD) that leads to the disintegration of inter-religious harmony minimized as early as possible to later on Disable. That way people are expected to create harmony. At the end of the harmony will bear harmonization of tolerance and peace can be realized.

Tolerance and inter-religious harmony are like two sides of a coin that can not be separated from one another. Harmony impact on tolerance, or reverse tolerance produces harmony, both concerning the relationship between human beings. If the tri harmony [between faiths, people of the same religion intern, and religious people with the government] woke up and applied to the life and daily life, it would appear to moderation and tolerance. Alternatively, if the inter-faith tolerance are good and true, it will produce a harmonious society together.

Tolerance among religions should be reflected in the actions or deeds that show people respect, honor, help, love, and others. This includes respect for the religion and faith of others, respecting worship carried on by others; does not destroy places of worship; does not insult the teachings of other religions, as well as provide an opportunity to carry out religious worship. In addition, the religions will be able to serve a religious mission and run properly so creating harmonious atmosphere in your life and the life of society and the nation. If everyone is running their own religion with the truth, then it will surely bring forth peace, tranquility of life and healthy social cooperation.

Tolerance and pluralism do not need to be treated as a threat to faith, because everyone has their own preference. As the clothes I wear, not necessarily comfortably worn by someone else. Preach to non-Muslims in this formulation, is no longer synonymous with converting their faith, but they invite enough healthy social cooperation. This tolerance is right and healthy, which should be used as a reference by the preachers and preaching clerics in the archipelago. On top of all the differences, the spirit of tolerance we will benefit a much larger and the ability to increase our worth as human beings with intelligence and conscience.

Understanding Drama and its elements

This section will explain some basic terms and terminologies are concerned with literary drama and technical skills of reading literary texts of this kind.

Succession will be discussed about the anatomy of literary drama, plot or storyline, Aristotelian dramatic structure, character story or the characters, the language, ideas or themes, and encouragement or motivation.

Anatomy of Dramatic Literature

Though not all, but most of the drama texts divided in half. A round in the play is part of a play that encapsulates all the events going on in one place at a certain time sequence.

A round usually divided again in scenes. A scene is part of a round the limits prescribed by the turn of events since the arrival or departure of one or more characters to the stage.

Another very important part and outwardly distinguishes literary fiction drama of another kind is dialogue. Dialogue is part of the play in the form of a conversation between one character to another. Once pentinya position in the literary drama dialogue, so without him, a literary work can not be classified into a literary drama.

Generally the drama of literary texts have other parts that rarely absent, ie author instructions. Hint author is part of the script to explain to the reader or crews staging-as director, actor, and artist-about the state of the art, atmosphere, event or actions, and the nature of characters.

Another is the prologue of the manuscript, but not all have the prologue script. Prolog is a part of the script written by authors at the beginning. Basically the prologue is an introductory text that can contain one or more statements or opinions of the author of the story that will be presented.

Besides, there is also a prologue epilogue. Epilogue typically contains author conclusions about the story; conclusions sometimes accompanied by counsel or message.

Soliloquy is another part of a play. Soliloquy is a convention, which is an accepted thing that the reader or viewer as a reasonable within the framework of literary drama.

Aside is part of the play is spoken by one of the characters and is shown directly to the audience with an understanding that there are other characters on stage do not hear.

Plot or Plot

The plot or storyline is a series of events connected with each other causation. A playwright formulate a plot to achieve several goals, which include terpanting to express ideas. In addition it also has the function of capturing plot, guide, and direct the attention of the reader or the audience. Although the messages to be delivered in a drama is a valuable message, if the audience does not feel attracted to works that were created, the ideas or the message will not reach the target. Tasks carried attract readers or viewers by using the plot elements.

Tension (suspense) is the first element of the plot. Plot both will cause a strain on the reader or the audience through kemamuannya to cultivate and nurture curiosity and kepenasaran audience from start to finish.

The second element is a surprise (surprise). Author of good will develop the story in such a way that the allegations reader or audience is always wrong and turn events toward another unexpected and even shocking.

Dramatic irony can form statements or acts of characters that seemed to predict what will happen next. The irony is created so as not to interfere with the loss of the element of suspense and surprise. In contrast, dramatic irony precisely to support the other two elements. Dramatic irony will lead readers and viewers more curious on the one hand, on the other hand will reinforce the impression that ensued impromptu events were associated closely with what happened before.

Aristotle's Dramatic Structure

Digunakana dramatic structure to maintain the continuity of the law of cause and effect from the beginning to the end of the story. In the conventional stories, dramatic structure dramatic structure employed is Aristotle. (384-322 BC) from the works of Sophocles (495-406 BC).

The structure is a union of the parts, that if one of the parts altered or tampered with, or corrupted will change the whole structure. As for the parts that are exposition, complication, climax, resolution and conclusion.

The exposition is the beginning or the opening of a literary drama. Complications or penggawatan a continuation of the exposition and the increase thereof. In this section, one of the characters started to take the initiative to achieve certain goals. However, the results of the initiative is uncertain. Thus arises the premises gravity.

Complications disusl climax, the next part of the dramatic structure of Aristotle. In this section the parties opposing or conflicting, opposite to do the calculation that determines the last. Resolution following the climax. In this section all the problems posed by the initiative of leaders.

The last part is the conclusion. In this section the fate-the fate of the characters is definitely the plot and storyline, as well as expands physiology (function) to express the author's thoughts and attract and maintain the attention of the reader or the audience, as well as express and develop the character of the characters.

Story figures or characters

The story is presented in a drama totkoh figures are generally in the form of humans, other animals or other creatures. Thus it can be said that the characters are people who take part and experience the events or any of the events described in daam plot.

The nature and position of the characters in a wide variety of literary drama. There's that are important (major) and some are classified within the category is not important (minor). There are domiciled as the protagonist, the character first initiative and thus act as a driver of the story. The protagonist is a character who first got in trouble and faced with kesukara-distress. Usually her readers empathize.

Opponents protagonist is an antagonist, the role as a barrier and a problem for the protagonist. Another character is a confidant, that figure or figures that mediates the confidence of both the protagonist or the antagonist so that they can speak up on stage, and therefore more opportunities for readers or viewers to get to know the character and intentions of the characters with better.

The character of the leaders is not only a driving force for the event, but also an element that causes the gravity of the problems that arise in these events. Behavior and words of the characters that will undoubtedly arouse concern and lead the reader or audience sensitive to understand, appreciate, and the author concludes thoughts.

Language

The element plays a very important language. in relation to the plot, language has several roles. Language also move the plot and storyline. Language also explains the background and atmosphere of the story. Through the language spoken by the characters or the author instructions, we know about the place, time or times and circumstances in which the story took place.

Language also create important role in the story. Language is very important to do with the character. In addition to the actions, the nature of the characters portrayed by what he said or what was said by another character about him that language plays a major role in expressing the ideas of the author. Even if the figures do not reveal the author's thoughts directly, the reader or the audience will conclude the ideas was mainly through the language works alongside the characters.

Mind Fruit or themes

If an artist belonging to the group of the so-called intellectuals, it means that as a member of society he is always alert and pay attention to what is going on around him. A dramatist or playwright must first find the problem, meaning he saw the gap between reality (das Sein) and expectations (das sollen).

Elements of the ideas in literary drama which consists of issues, opinions, and the author's message is direct and intuitive scrutiny by the reader or audience is good. Fruit minds is the final destination to be revealed by the plot, characters, and language. Therefore, the notion just a guideline and the unifying elements of other drama.

Encouragement or Motivation

One element that is not less important than the other elements is a motivation. Motivation is the element that determines both the act and the conversation (dialogue) spoken by the characters, especially the main character or protagonist. If you want to understand, appreciate, and enjoy literary works of drama, should be attempted as soon as possible to capture the main motivation in the work.

Appreciate Steps relationship with Dramatic Elements.

The first step in the appreciation of the drama is the involvement of the soul, which is an event when the reader or audience listening to thoughts and feelings of the author in relation to the problems encountered in his life.

The second step in the appreciation of the drama is the ability of the reader or the audience to see the connection logic (logical) between the movements of thoughts, feelings, and imagination with drama elements contained in the work. In the second step initermasuk appreciation of drama as well as expressing the thoughts playwright.

The third step in the appreciation of works of drama is achieved when the reader or audience memasalahkan and find or not find an association (relevance) between the ideas of the author with personal experience and the experience of community life in general. In this level, the reader or viewer to establish whether the playwright's ideas is useful, both for themselves and for society.

Indonesian Government System

PKN-In the world of state administration, has made a rule that would set up a wide range of survival or the course of a country's government in improving the functioning of the country. It can be obtained by making the system of government. Khusussnya Indonesian government system. Thus an independent state should have a rule or system of government that will regulate the sustainability of a country's citizens in making prosperous members. From this can explain what it is that the purpose of the system and what is the mean by the government. The system has a meaning that is a whole consisting of several parts that have a functional relationship. While the Government in the broad sense is the government / state institutions are doing everything good government as the executive, the legislature and the judiciary.

Governance systems can be grouped into a few below:

      Presidential system of government

a system of government in which the head of government held by the president and the government is not accountable to parliament (legislative). Minister responsible to the president because the president serves as head of state and head of government.

Example Country: USA, Pakistan, Argentina, the Philippines, Indonesia.

The characteristics of the Presidential system of government:

1. Presidential Government is based on the principle of separation of powers.

2. The Executive does not have the power to blend with the Legislature.

3. The Cabinet is responsible to the president.

4. executive elected by popular vote.

      Parliamentary system of government

is a system of government in which the government (executive) is responsible to parliament. In this system of government, the parliament has a great power and has the authority to conduct oversight of the executive. Ministers and the prime minister is responsible to parliament.

Examples of countries: United Kingdom, the Netherlands, India, Australia, Malaysia.

The characteristics and conditions of the Parliamentary system of government:

1. Parliamentary Government is based on the principle of division of powers.

2. There is a mutual responsibility between the legislative and executive, and between the president and the cabinet.

3. Executives appointed by the government with legislative approval.

      Mixed government system

the system of government is taken the best things of the presidential system of government and the system of Parliamentary government. Besides having a president as head of state, the prime minister also has the head of government.

Example Country: France.

The implementation period of the State Government System in Indonesia

* Year 1945 - 1949

Any deviation from the provisions of the Constitution of '45, among others:

Changing the function of the central committee of the Indonesian national presidential aide assigned to the legislative body and helps to define who is the authority of the Assembly Guidelines.

Change the presidential system into a parliamentary cabinet cabinet proposal by BP - KNIP.

* Year 1949 - 1950

RIS is based on the constitution. Government that applied when it was a parliamentary cabinet system pseudo (Quasy Parlementary). Governance system adopted in the constitution of a parliamentary cabinet RIS is not purely because of the pure parliamentary system, Parliament has a crucial position against government power.

* Year 1950 - 1959

Foundation is the Constitution constitutional successor RIS '50 '49. Governance system adopted is a parliamentary cabinet with liberal democracy that is still apparent. Characteristics:

president and vice president can not be contested.

Minister responsible for government policy.

President the right to dissolve parliament.

Prime Minister appointed by the President.

* Years 1959 - 1966 (Guided Democracy)

The President has absolute power and maketh a tool to eliminate the powers that prevent that fate is determined by the president of the political party (10 recognized political parties). There is no freedom of speech.

* Year 1966 - 1998

Soeharto New Order was born with a determination to make corrections guided the era of the old order. But over time many deviations. Suharto's resignation on May 21, '98.

* In 1998 - Present (Reform)

Implementation of Pancasila democracy in the reform era has provided the space for the political parties and the Parliament to oversee the government critically and justified for a rally.

Government System in accordance with the Constitution before it was amended '45:

Ø The highest authority is given to the people of the MPR.

Ø Parliament as a legislator.

Ø The President as a government administrator.

Ø DPA as a giver of advice to the government.

Ø MA as the courts and the testing rules.

Ø CPC financial auditors.

Government System after amendment (1999 - 2002)

Ø MPR no longer the highest institution.

Ø Composition of the Assembly consists of all members of the House of Representatives plus the Council elected by the people.

Ø The President and Vice President are elected directly by the people.

Ø The President can not dissolve Parliament.

Ø Legislative power is dominant.

Indonesia SisPem Comparison with Other Countries SisPem

Based on the explanation of '45 Constitution, Indonesia adopts Presidensia. But in practice many elements of Parliamentary Government System. So we can say Indonesian Government System is a combination of Presidential and Parliamentary.

excess Indonesian Government System

Ø The President and ministers during his tenure can not be dropped Parliament.

Ø The government had time to run the program with no shadow cabinet crisis.

Ø The President can not enforce and or dissolve Parliament.

Indonesia Government System Weakness

Ø There is a tendency too strong authority and the concentration of power in the hands of the President.

Ø Often the change of officials for their rights perogatif president.

Ø Supervision of the people against the government less influential.

Ø The influence of people's political wisdom received less attention.

Differences Governance System Indonesia and Malaysia Government System

The Executive Board

a. The Executive Board is the Prime Minister of Malaysia as a driver of state government.

b. Executive Board President of Indonesia lies in having two positions as head of state and head of government.

Legislature

a. In Malaysia, there are 2 Main Board of the agency regulations that the State Council and the Council that perannyan make laws.

b. In Indonesia, in the hands of Parliament whose role is to make laws with the consent of the President.

Definition of Musical Arts

The word in the English language arts called art. The word art comes from the Latin ars, which means skill / intelligence. Then a broad sense of the word art, not just on certain areas. Definition of art includes all human creations such as poetry, drama, music, dance, sculpture, carving, wake up, paint and much more.

Art is the creation and vibration in the human soul that can lead to feelings of love or grief in a person. One contains the value of artistic creations if they meet several requirements, such as smoothness and beauty. Art is all the result of human creativity which contains the value of art. Artist is an artistic person and can create art.

branch of Art

Art can be divided into three branches, namely the art of sound, movement and visual arts art. Sound art is divided into 2 parts literary and musical arts. Literary arts includes prose and poetry. Art Art music includes songs (vocals) and instrumental art.

music

Music has been around since before our era. Remains of ancient Egyptian history giving evidence. In the stone reliefs of ancient Egypt there are paintings of musical instruments. In the Gospel of "Genesis" is also written about music. Music continues to grow until today as the advancement of culture and technology.

Knowledge of music knows no boundaries. The deeper we study the music, the feel is still very much a problem that we must learn.

Music is a statement that expressed the human heart's content in the form of a regular sound with melody and rhythm, as well as having elements of a beautiful harmony.

According to the form of music can be divided into 3 types

Vocal: music sung by a human voice

Instrumental: music sung with musical instruments only

Mixed: a combination of human voice (vocal) with instrumental music being played simultaneously.

PARTS DEPARTMENT LETTER

A. CHARACTERISTICS OF LETTER OFFICE / OFFICIAL

Mail service is one kind of a letter and indicated for the benefit of both official agencies, governments and agencies to identify the author swasta.Beberapa official letter by letter. The reason is that official letter is always written in the format and use of official languages​​. It is true, that in the writing department there are some rules that need to be met in formal writing.

And the description above, it can be seen that the official letter has the following characteristics:

• Issued by an agency or office, whether state-owned or private

• Contains official interests, organizational;

• Prepared a variety of official languages

B. TATA SEQUENCE PARTS DEPARTMENT LETTER

• The letterhead

• Number letters

• Date of letter

• Attachment

• This letter or subject

• Address the letter

• greeting

• Fill

• Salam cover

• Status / position, signatures, clear name

• Copies

• initials

High Jump

High jump is one of the sports that the motion leap to achieve the highest leap. Field size equal to the long jump,

High pole crossbar min 2.5 meters, length of 3:15 m crossbar.

Stages in the high jump

All styles can be distinguished leap into 4 stages:

a) prefix, the movement ran to the bar

b) rejection, leg movements rested on the floor to raise the body

c) Drift, style and position of the body when it is in the air and over the bar.

d) landing, the fall of the body on the mat.

In High jump there are some styles that do, as follows:

1. . Styles Scissors (Scissors)

Style Style Sweney scissors can be said, because at an earlier time (ago) is still used style squat. Precisely in 1880, then in 1896 sweny change from style to style scissor squat. Replaced by less ekonomis.Cara do: The jumper took the prefix of the center. When the jumper when to jump, use left foot pedestal (when swing right leg), he landed (crashed) with longer legs. Time in the air body turned to the right, landing with the left foot, the body facing the back where the prefix earlier.

2. . Styles Bolster side (Western Roll)

At the same style scissor style, which left footstool fall again and left leg when the right leg jatuhnyapun right leg just different prefix, not from the center but from the side.

3. . Styles Guling (Straddle)

Jumpers take the prefix from the side between 3, 5, 7, 9 Depending on the height of the important steps when taking an odd step prefix.

Bearing on the left or right foot, then swing left foot / right fore. After swinging leg over the bar quickly reversed the agency, to posture over the bar telungkap. Buttocks try higher than his head, so head bowed.

At the time of landing or the fall of the first hit is the right leg and right hand if left-foot pedestal, then bergulingnya ie along the back of his hand and ended up on the shoulder.

4. . Styles Fosbury Flop

How to do it:

 . • prefix, must be done quickly and cornering / somewhat circular, to move to the prefix guess - about 7-9 steps.

 . • rejection, repulsion foot for almost the same as the high jump lainya.Yakni, be strong with the help of swing both hands to help lift the entire body. When using the repulsion foot right foot, then the repulsion should be on the left bar. At the same time refused to foot with both hands up beside his head, then jumping on the agency to make a 180 degrees and do it together.

 . • posture over the bar, the bar above the supine posture with both legs hanging limp, and chin slightly pulled up to his chest and back were over the bar with a cross bow.

 . • How it landed, it landed on the foam rubber to size (5 x 5 meters with a height of 60 cm) and covered with a mat on top of about 10-20 cm, and prtama times that landed her back and the back of the head.

The emphasis is on melakuakan jump, run at a pace that terkontol prefix. Avoid too much backward body inclination. Achieve a quick movement at the time and approached the bar opposite. Encourage the shoulder and upper arm during take off. Back arches over the bar. Try lifting a perfect lap with a swinging leg into the knee (free). Lift then straighten your legs immediately after making the arch.

Rule principle high jump

Participants must necessarily jump to the next leg

Participants must first jump everywhere she likes heights beginning

Something will jump mistaken void if the participant touched the crossbar and did not jump. Dropped crossbar made the jump or touched during the landing when jumping unsuccessfully

Participants who failed to jump across bertutrut crossbar three times in a row (without taking cedar guess where failure is applicable) be expelled than pertandinga

A person eligible participants leap forward (although all other participants failed) so he can not follow the rules anymore menuruskannya

The height of the jump is measured from the cedar land uprise central portion adjacent to the paddock.

Sprint

Sprints are run at full speed all the distances that must be taken, or until a predetermined distance. Runners also called sprinter

Athletic Numbers
1. No. Run
-. Sprint 100, 200, 400 meters
-. Running secondary jaraj 800, 1500 meters
-. Distance running 5000, 10000 meters and marathon 42.195 km
technically use squat used the same start. the difference is only on the efficient use of energy, due to differences in the distance that must be taken. The further the distance that must be taken to be the more power is needed.
How to Start Squatting
Movement sprint is divided into three phases: star, motion sprint (sprint), finish the movement.
Start
In this race, there are three ways star, is:
- Star standing (standing start)
- Star squat (crouching start)
- Start floating (flying start) made just for runners to II, III and IV in estapet run 4 x 100 m.
Start Technique
Attitudes start on cue willing
Watch!!! On cue willing runner toward the starting line to put the pivot foot on the starting block, put a strong foot in front. put your right hand behind the starting line.
The things that are important in the attitude of start:
1. The location of the hands slightly wider than shoulders, fingers and thumb to form an inverted V, shoulders thrust forward / slightly in front of the hand, arms straight.
2. Head so that the neck is not strained, eyes looking to track approximately 2m or outlook between the two arms overlooks the star.
3. Body relax / not rigid
4. Mind focused on the next cue.
5. Distance lies the leg of the line depends on the form of star attitude dipegunakan:
Bunch start / start squatting over short distances
The layout of the rear legs apart roughly 25-30 cm. rear toe is placed in line with the heel of the foot faces when in stance. Distance away from the line star of approximately: 45 cm front foot, back foot 70 cm, depending on the length of the leg.
Medium start / start squatting medium range
At the time of the attitude of kneeling, laying beside the rear knee toe front, star distance away from the line of the front foot about 37 cm, 85 cm belakng feet, depending on the length of the leg.
longated start / remote start squatting
At the time of the attitude of the knees, behind the knees lies alongside the back of the heel of the front foot, Agis star dai foot distance approx: 32 cm front legs, back legs 100 cm, depending on the length of each leg runners.
Movement on cue Ready
Lift your hips upward until sidikit higher than the shoulders, so the line back down the fore. More weight forward. keep up the balance of the next cue sound of a gun. Low head, neck remain relaxed (casual ONLY!), Sight lines toward the star at the bottom of the hand. Arms straight / elbows do not bend. At the time of lifting the hips accompanied by taking a deep breath. The most important concentration on gun sound / sound sound sempritan or other mutually agreed.
Movement when cue Yes or Sound Pistol

Swing your left arm forward and right arm back vigorously (arm movements must be in harmony with the motion of the foot). The left foot firmly refused to sometimes straight. step right foot as soon as possible, as low as possible to reach the ground in the first step. Weight loss should glide straight ahead, from changing attitudes kesikap squatting run, the weight should rise gradually indirect upright, avoid sideways movement. Steps to run more and more wide, six to nine first step merupak transition steps. Breathing normally, hold your breath means enforcing agency.
One thing that need attention before making a star is heating as well as possible, stimulate the joints and stretch muscles coupled with sprinting motion. This was done to prevent possible injury to the muscle.
Movement finish
There are several ways that can be done at the time the runners reached the finish.
Keep running without any changes. Skewed to the front of the chest, both arms swinging down the back, or in the Java language called ambyuk. Dada played with the swing arm to the front door so that the shoulders forward, commonly called The String.
Last 20 meters before the finish line Brazilians perjungan to achieve victory in the race, then you need to consider is the pace, do not look at your opponent, do not jump, and do not slow the pace before passing the finish line.